RESUMO Objetivo. Apresentar e analisar a resposta do sistema de saúde peruano às necessidades de saúde sexual e reprodutiva de mulheres venezuelanas radicadas em Lima, Peru, e identificar algumas explicações para essa resposta. Métodos. Entrevistas telefônicas semiestruturadas detalhadas com 30 mulheres venezuelanas, 10 profissionais de saúde e 2 funcionários do Ministério da Saúde. Resultados. Com base nas experiências das mulheres venezuelanas que recorreram a esses serviços no período de 2019 a 2020 e nas perspectivas de profissionais e autoridades de saúde, apresentamos uma análise da capacidade e das limitações dos serviços de saúde pública para atender às necessidades de saúde sexual e reprodutiva dessa população. Os relatos das mulheres migrantes indicam uma experiência positiva com um sistema de saúde, que, apesar das deficiências, responde às necessidades mais comuns de saúde sexual e reprodutiva. Isso está em conformidade com os relatos dos profissionais de saúde e das autoridades, que enfatizam a existência de políticas prioritárias de atenção à saúde sexual e reprodutiva. Conclusão. Este estudo mostra de que maneira um âmbito de prioridade nacional (reduzir a mortalidade materna) e mecanismos operacionais de proteção social (como o Seguro Integral de Saúde) se convertem em instrumentos complementares, afetando positivamente e estendendo benefícios à população migrante, embora essa população não tenha sido levada em consideração quando da elaboração dessas políticas.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To present and analyze the Peruvian health system's response to the sexual and reproductive health needs of Venezuelan women living in the city of Lima, Peru, and to identify some of the reasons underlying this response. Methods. Information was collected through semi-structured, in-depth telephone interviews with 30 Venezuelan women, 10 healthcare workers, and two Ministry of Health officials. Results. Based on the experiences of Venezuelan women who sought care through these services during 2019-2020 and the perspectives of healthcare personnel and health authorities, we present an analysis of the public health services' capacity and limitations in meeting the sexual and reproductive health needs of this population. Migrant women's testimonies reported a positive experience with a health system that, despite shortcomings, responds to the most common sexual and reproductive health needs. These perspectives parallel the testimonies of healthcare personnel and authorities who emphasized the existence of priority policies for sexual and reproductive health care. Conclusion. This study shows how a national priority framework (reducing maternal mortality), accompanied by operational mechanisms for social protection (such as the Comprehensive Health Insurance program), represent complementary instruments that have a positive impact on and extend benefits to migrants, even though this population was not considered when designing these policies.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Presentar y analizar la respuesta que el sistema de salud peruano viene dando a las necesidades en salud sexual y reproductiva de las mujeres venezolanas que radican en la ciudad de Lima, Perú e identificar algunas de las razones que nos permite entender esta respuesta. Métodos. La información se recogió mediante entrevistas a profundidad semiestructuradas por vía telefónica a 30 mujeres venezolanas, 10 trabajadores de salud y 2 funcionarios del Ministerio de Salud. Resultados. A partir de las experiencias de mujeres venezolanas que acudieron a estos servicios durante el 2019-2020 y de las perspectivas del personal y autoridades de salud presentamos un análisis de la capacidad y limitaciones que los servicios de salud públicos tienen para atender las necesidades de salud sexual y reproductiva de esta población. Los testimonios de las mujeres migrantes reportan una experiencia positiva con un sistema de salud que, a pesar de las deficiencias, responde a las necesidades de salud sexual y reproductiva más comunes. Estas coinciden con los testimonios del personal de salud y con las de las autoridades quienes enfatizan la existencia de políticas prioritarias para la atención de la Salud Sexual y Reproductiva. Conclusión. Este estudio muestra cómo un marco de prioridad nacional (disminuir la mortalidad materna), acompañado de mecanismos operativos de protección social (como el Seguro Integral de Salud), se convierten en instrumentos complementarios, que repercute de manera positiva y extiende beneficios para las y los migrantes, a pesar de no haber considerado a esta población durante el diseño de estas políticas.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to test the effect of three stocking densities: 100, 200, and 300 ind m-3 (D100, D200, and D300, respectively) on survival, growth (weight and total length), and condition factor of Microphis brachyurus. At the end of the six-week trial, there were no significant differences in the fish's survival, growth, and condition. The results suggest that this species presents high adaptability under culture conditions. A suboptimal stocking density generates a suboptimal use of infrastructure and decreases the production system's profitability. Based on the present study, a stocking density of 300 ind m-3 is recommended to increase the aquaculture infrastructure's profitability for ornamental or conservation purposes.

Abstract The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of dextrose-prolotherapy with other substances for pain relief in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis. The literature screening was done in January 2021 through Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, and Database of the National Institute of Health based on the following criteria: randomized clinical trials that subjected patients with primary knee osteoarthritis who underwent treatment with dextrose-prolotherapy and other substances for pain relief. Paired reviewers independently identified 3381 articles and included 8 trials that met the eligibility criteria. According to the findings of this review, participants that underwent dextrose-prolotherapy showed improvements between baseline and posterior assessments and when compared to saline injections, but when compared to other substances, the results were not clear. Although dextrose-prolotherapy is a useful treatment method by itself, it is still not possible to clearly affirm that it is superior or inferior to its counterparts. There is an urgent need for further studies to bring more evidence to the field. HIGHLIGHTS Dextrose injections promote deposition of collagen into injured structures through growth factors and inflammatory cells. Dextrose-prolotherapy is a useful treatment method, but it is not superior or inferior to its counterparts.

Abstract Introduction: The increase in the incidence of pancreatic and biliary cancers has attracted the search for methods of early detection of diseases and biomarkers. The authors propose to analyze new findings on the association between microbiota and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) or Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Methods: This systematic review was carried out according to the items of Preferred Reports for Systematic Reviews and Protocol Meta-Analysis (PRISMA-P). This study was registered by the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), identification code CRD42020192748 before the review was carried out. Articles were selected from the PUBMED, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Results: Most studies (86.67%) used 16s rRNA as a sequencing method. The main comorbidities found were diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Many studies were limited by the small number of participants, but the biases were mostly low. There was very little concordance about the composition of the microbiome of different sites, for both case and control groups when compared to other studies’ results. Bile sample analysis was the one with a greater agreement between studies, as three out of four studies found Escherichia in cases of CCA. Conclusion: There was great disagreement in the characterization of both the microbiota of cases and control groups. Studies are still scarce, making it difficult to adequately assess the data in this regard. It was not possible to specify any marker or to associate any genus of microbiota bacteria with PDAC or CCA.

ABSTRACT: A variety of periodontal plastic surgery techniques have been proposed to correct aesthetic and functional problems caused by gingival recession, with root coverage using connective tissue grafts being the one most commonly performed. These surgeries, however, are partially dependent on tissue graft stability. In this case series, we describe the use of a tissue adhesive (cyanoacrylate) as a solution for graft stabilization. Two patients with Cairo’s type 1 gingival recession were treated with an envelope technique using connective tissue graft stabilized with cyanoacrylate alone. The results were a faster procedure and complete root coverage, even after 5 years of follow-up. Our findings suggest that cyanoacrylates can be an alternative to standard graft stabilizing procedures, leading to a stable root coverage in RT1 recessions.

Abstract Background: Gonolobus is a morphologically diverse genus with 38 species in Mexico. During the development of an inventory of the Gonolobinae at the national level, some herbarium specimens of Gonolobus were encountered that couldn’t be assigned to any of the previously described species for Mexico Questions and/or hypotheses: The color and morphologic pattern of the corolla (form, reticulation, callus on the margin of the lobes), and the structure of gynostegial corona are elements that allow distinguishing from other Gonolobus species. Here, it is proposed as a new species based on these attributes. Species study: Apocynaceae, Gonolobus lozadae. Study site and dates: Mexico. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out and specimens from 11 herbaria were consulted for Gonolobus species in Mexico. An analysis of the characters that allow differentiating the new taxon from the other species was carried out. Conservation status for the new species was evaluated according to International Union for Conservation of Nature criteria. Results: From the analysis, Gonolobus lozadae is described as a new species. Conclusions: Gonolobus lozadae is morphologically similar to G. erianthus, G. grandiflorus, G. incerianus and G. triflorus in its size and color of the flowers, but it differs in the corolla and corona morphology. This discovery highlights Mexico as a center of diversity for the genus, with 39 species, and endemism with 48.7 % of the species restricted to the country.

Resumen Antecedentes: Gonolobus es un género morfológicamente diverso que cuenta con 38 especies en México. En el desarrollo de un inventario de las Gonolobinae a nivel nacional, se detectó un ejemplar de Gonolobus que no se pudo identificar de forma inequívoca con las especies conocidas para el país. Pregunta y/o Hipótesis: El color y patrón morfológico de la corola (forma, reticulación, callo en el margen de los lobos), y la estructura de la corona ginostegial son elementos que permiten distinguir a las especies de Gonolobus. Aquí se propone una especie nueva con base en esos atributos. Especie de estudio: Apocynaceae, Gonolobus lozadae. Sitio de estudio: México. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica especializada y se consultó material herborizado de 11 herbarios para las especies de Gonolobus en México. Se realizó un análisis riguroso de los caracteres que permiten diferenciar al taxón nuevo de las demás especies. Se evaluó el estado de conservación para la especie nueva de acuerdo a los criterios de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza. Resultados: A partir del análisis se describe a Gonolobus lozadae como nueva especie. Conclusiones: Gonolobus lozadae es morfológicamente similar a G. erianthus, G. grandiflorus, G. incerianus y G. triflorus por el tamaño y coloración de las flores, pero difiere por la morfología de la corona y la corola. Este descubrimiento resalta a México como un centro de diversidad para el género, con 39 especies, y destaca su endemismo con 48.7 % de las especies restringidas al país.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os determinantes das variáveis da tuberculose nas diversas regiões do Brasil e avaliar as tendências dessas variáveis ao longo dos dez anos anteriores ao término do prazo definido para os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio (ODM) das Nações Unidas. Métodos: Estudo analítico ecológico no qual utilizamos oito bancos de dados públicos nacionais para investigar os 716.971 casos novos de tuberculose notificados entre 2006 e 2015. Resultados: Durante o período estudado, houve ligeiras reduções na prevalência, incidência e mortalidade associadas à tuberculose. O Brasil não atingiu o ODM de mortalidade por tuberculose. Entre os indicadores de desempenho no controle da tuberculose, houve melhora apenas naqueles relacionados a tratamento e abandono de tratamento. Em termos da magnitude da tuberculose, foram observadas diferenças regionais substanciais. A taxa de incidência de tuberculose foi maior na região Norte, assim como a temperatura média anual e a umidade relativa do ar. Essa região também apresentou a segunda menor média do índice de desenvolvimento humano, a menor cobertura de atenção primária à saúde (APS) e o menor número de hospitalizações por tuberculose. A região Nordeste apresentou a maior cobertura de APS, o maior número de hospitalizações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária e a maior taxa de mortalidade por tuberculose. A região Sul apresentou as menores reduções nos indicadores epidemiológicos, juntamente com os maiores aumentos na frequência de abandono de tratamento e de retratamento. A região Centro-Oeste apresentou a menor magnitude geral de tuberculose e melhores indicadores de monitoramento. Conclusões: A situação da tuberculose difere entre as cinco regiões do Brasil. Essas diferenças podem dificultar o controle da doença no país e podem explicar o fato de o Brasil não ter atingido o ODM de mortalidade por tuberculose. As medidas de controle da tuberculose devem ser adaptadas para dar conta das diferenças regionais.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the determinants of tuberculosis-related variables in the various regions of Brazil and evaluate trends in those variables over the ten-year period preceding the end of the timeframe defined for the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Methods: This was an ecological analytical study in which we utilized eight national public databases to investigate the 716,971 new tuberculosis cases reported between 2006 and 2015. Results: Over the study period, there were slight reductions in the prevalence, incidence, and mortality associated with tuberculosis. Brazil did not reach the MDG for tuberculosis-related mortality. Among the performance indicators of tuberculosis control, there were improvements only in those related to treatment and treatment abandonment. In terms of the magnitude of tuberculosis, substantial regional differences were observed. The tuberculosis incidence rate was highest in the northern region, as were the annual mean temperature and relative air humidity. That region also had the second lowest human development index, primary health care (PHC) coverage, and number of hospitalizations for tuberculosis. The northeastern region had the highest PHC coverage, number of hospitalizations for primary care-sensitive conditions, and tuberculosis-related mortality rate. The southern region showed the smallest reductions in epidemiological indicators, together with the greatest increases in the frequency of treatment abandonment and retreatment. The central-west region showed the lowest overall magnitude of tuberculosis and better monitoring indicators. Conclusions: The situation related to tuberculosis differs among the five regions of Brazil. Those differences can make it difficult to control the disease in the country and could explain the fact that Brazil failed to reach the MDG for tuberculosis-related mortality. Tuberculosis control measures should be adapted to account for regional differences.

ABSTRACT. Tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus) is currently exploited regionally as food and commercialized in the aquarium trade. Natural populations of A. tropicus may already be negatively affected by anthropogenic alteration of the areas in which it is distributed. However, it is necessary to deepen the knowledge for the optimization of its culture. A. tropicus cultured in three stocking densities: 100, 200, and 300 ind m-3 (D4, D8, and D12, respectively) were used in the present study to examine the effect on growth, survival, and condition factor. At the end of the eight-week trial, D4 was statistically superior in weight, length, and SGR compared to D12. While D8 was statistically similar to D4 and D12 in weight and length. There were no significant differences in the survival and condition of the fish. The optimum density in the production systems generates the optimal use of resources and the increase in the profitability of the system. Based on the results, it is recommendable a stocking density of 200 fish m-3 for an increase in the profitability of the culture infrastructure for its production as food or ornamental purposes.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: A dor pós-operatória ainda é uma queixa importante em vários procedimentos cirúrgicos. A analgesia multimodal é a melhor conduta para a dor pós-operatória, embora a terapia com opioides ainda seja o principal tratamento para a dor após procedimentos cirúrgicos. A buprenorfina transdérmica é um opioide agonista µ amplamente prescrito nas síndromes de dor crônica, mas com limitada evidência do seu uso para dor aguda no pós-operatório. Realizamos revisão sistemática de estudos que examinaram o papel da buprenorfina transdérmica no tratamento da dor aguda pós-operatória. Conteúdo: Revisamos os dados de PubMed, Embase, Registro Central de Ensaios Controlados Cochrane (CENTRAL), CINAHL via EBSCOhost e LILACS, incluindo estudos clínicos randomizados que avaliaram a dor pós-operatória total, consumo de analgésicos pós-operatórios, efeitos colaterais relacionados a medicamentos e satisfação do paciente com esquema de analgesia. Dados de nove estudos (615 pacientes) foram incluídos nesta revisão. A maioria dos estudos iniciou o uso transdérmico de buprenorfina 6 a 48 horas antes da cirurgia, mantendo o uso de 1 a 28 dias após o procedimento. A maioria dos estudos encontrou valores semelhantes ou menores para o escore de dor pós-operatória, consumo pós-operatório de analgésicos e satisfação do paciente quando a buprenorfina foi comparada ao placebo, tramadol, celecoxibe, flurbiprofeno e parecoxibe. A incidência de efeitos colaterais oscilou nos estudos, e a maioria não mostrou aumento de efeito colateral relacionado ao uso de buprenorfina, exceto em dois estudos, um que comparou buprenorfina ao tramadol oral e outro ao fentanil transdérmico. No entanto, a maioria dos resultados foi obtida a partir de evidências com um risco geral alto ou risco de viés impreciso. Conclusões: Embora sejam necessários mais estudos, os resultados iniciais mostram que a buprenorfina transdérmica parece ser uma forma de administração segura e efetiva de opioide no tratamento da dor aguda pós-operatória.

Abstract Background and objectives: Postoperative pain is still a major concern in several surgical procedures. Multimodal analgesia is best for postoperative pain management; however, opioid therapy is still the main treatment for pain after surgical procedures. Transdermal buprenorphine is a partial µ-agonist opioid widely used for chronic pain syndromes, with limited evidence for acute postoperative pain. A systematic review of studies examining transdermal buprenorphine for acute pain management after surgery was conducted. Contents: Data from PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL via EBSCOhost, and LILACS were reviewed, including randomized clinical trials that evaluated total postoperative pain, postoperative analgesic consumption, drug-related side effects and patient satisfaction with analgesia regimen. Data from nine studies (615 patients) were included in this review. Most studies initiated transdermal buprenorphine use 6 to 48 hours before surgery, maintaining use from 1 to 28 days after the procedure. Most studies showed lower or similar postoperative pain scores, postoperative analgesic consumption and patient satisfaction comparing buprenorphine to placebo, tramadol, celecoxib, flurbiprofen and parecoxib. The incidence of side effects varied between studies, with most showing no increase in drug-related side effects with buprenorphine use, except one study, which compared buprenorphine to oral tramadol, and one to transdermal fentanyl. However, most results were derived from evidence with an overall high or unclear risk of bias. Conclusions: Although more studies are necessary, initial results show that transdermal buprenorphine seems to be an effective and safe opioid choice for management of acute postoperative pain.

Abstract Background: In Mexico, Apocynaceae is among the 13 most diverse families. The taxonomic knowledge of the family has had increasing attention with the implementation of phylogenies and other tools to solve its systematics. Therefore, more than 10 years after the last list focused on the family, it is necessary to update the systematic knowledge of the group. Questions: How the systematic knowledge of the group has been consolidated to this day? Compared to what we knew 10 years ago of Apocynaceae in Mexico, has the number of genera and species changed? Is so, how? And what's their geographical distribution by state? Species study: Apocynaceae Study site and dates: Mexico Methods: Revision of national and international herbaria, databases and an intensive literature search. As well as collecting in different parts of the country. Results: Apocynaceae registered 52 genera and 418 native species, 204 of them are endemic. The Asclepiadoideae subfamily contributed 27 genera and 315 species. The states with more species and endemisms are Oaxaca, Chiapas, Veracruz and Guerrero. The states with more microendemisms are Oaxaca (17 spp.), Chiapas and Jalisco (7 spp.), and Baja California Sur and Veracruz (5 spp.). Conclusions: Apocynaceae is in the 12th place of the most species diverse families in Mexico. This reiterates the country as a center of apocynaceous diversity. The integration of people interested in the group, the application of phylogenetic tools, distribution models and biological interaction networks will allow us to better understand the family and provide a more complete natural history.

Resumen Antecedentes: La familia Apocynaceae está entre las 13 más diversas de México y su conocimiento taxonómico ha tenido una atención creciente con la implementación de filogenias y otras herramientas para resolver su sistemática. Con más de 10 años del último listado enfocado en la familia, resulta necesario actualizar el conocimiento sistemático del grupo. Pregunta: ¿Cómo se ha consolidado hasta nuestros días el conocimiento sistemático del grupo en México? ¿Cómo ha cambiado el número de géneros y especies de Apocynaceae en el país y su distribución geográfica por estado? Especie de estudio: Apocynaceae Sitio de estudio: México Método: Revisión de herbarios nacionales e internacionales, bases de datos y una búsqueda intensiva de literatura. Así como colectas en diferentes partes del país. Resultados: Apocynaceae presenta 52 géneros y 418 especies nativas, 204 de ellas endémicas. La subfamilia Asclepiadoideae destaca con 27 géneros y 315 especies. Los estados con más especies y endemismos son Oaxaca, Chiapas, Veracruz y Guerrero. Los estados con más microendemismos son Oaxaca (17 spp.), Chiapas y Jalisco (7 spp.), Baja California Sur y Veracruz (5 spp.). Se proporciona una clave de géneros y un listado actualizado. Conclusiones: Apocynaceae se ubica en el lugar número 12 de las familias más diversas del país. Esto reitera al país como un centro de diversidad del grupo. La integración de más estudios relacionados a la aplicación de herramientas filogenéticas, modelos de distribución y redes de interacción biológica permitirá entender mejor a la familia y proporcionar una historia natural más completa.

Abstract The population structure and the patterns of spatial distribution and correlation among developmental stages of Hintonia latiflora , a species threatened in Mexico by the commercial harvest of its bark, are documented. Six plots (three in harvested sites and three in not harvested ones) of 20 m × 100 m were established for the census of all plants and they were categorized into three stages of development based on the total height and basal diameter; all individuals were located by their cartesian coordinates. The population structure was analyzed by a density histogram; whereas bias and kurtosis were used to determine the harvest effect on size categories. Univariate and bivariate spatial patterns were determined using Ripley's L(t) and L 12 (t) functions, respectively, and the statistical significance was 99% using Monte Carlo simulations. Density between harvested sites vs. not harvested was statistically different (p < 0.013), but the population structure was similar, with a positive asymmetric distribution pattern (S 3 = 0.947 and S 3 = 1.063) and leptokurtic (S 4 = 2.006 and S 4 = 2.400). The univariate distribution pattern in all cases was aggregated (L(t) > 0), whereas the spatial correlation in populations subject to debarking reflected a combination between independence and spatial attraction at different distances. This information provides a basis for the sustainable management of H. latiflora and represents the first study in Mexico that analyzes the debarking of a medicinal resource on its population-spatial structure.

Resumen Se documenta la estructura poblacional y el patrón de distribución y correlación espacial entre etapas de desarrollo de Hintonia latiflora, especie amenazada en México por la cosecha comercial de su corteza. Se establecieron seis unidades de muestreo (tres cosechadas y tres no cosechadas) de 20 m × 100 m para el censo de todas las plantas y se categorizaron en tres etapas de desarrollo con base en la altura total y diámetro basal; todos los individuos fueron ubicados por sus coordenadas cartesianas. La estructura poblacional se analizó mediante un histograma de densidad, mientras que el sesgo y la curtosis se usaron para determinar el efecto del aprovechamiento sobre las categorías de tamaño. Los patrones espaciales univariantes y bivariantes se determinaron usando la función L 1 (t) y L 12 (t) de Ripley, respectivamente, y la significancia estadística fue a 99% mediante simulaciones Monte Carlo. La densidad entre sitios cosechados vs. no cosechados fue estadísticamente diferente (p < 0.013), pero la estructura poblacional fue semejante, con un patrón de distribución asimétrico positivo (S 3 = 0.947 y S 3 = 1.063) y leptocúrtico (S 4 = 2.006 y S 4 = 2.400). El patrón de distribución univariante en todos los casos fue agregado (L(t) > 0), mientras que la correlación espacial en poblaciones sujetas a descortezamiento reflejó una combinación entre independencia y atracción espacial a diferentes distancias. Esta información aporta bases para el manejo sostenible de H. latiflora y representa el primer estudio en México que analiza el impacto del descortezamiento de un recurso medicinal sobre su estructura poblacional-espacial.

RESUMO: A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo otimizar o processo de desidratação osmótica (DO) do gengibre, com solução hipertônica de sacarose, pelo método de superfície de resposta. Foi utilizado um planejamento fatorial 23 completo, totalizando 17 ensaios, tendo como variáveis independentes: temperatura, concentração da solução osmótica e tempo de imersão e variáveis dependentes, como,: perda de umidade (PU), ganho de sólidos (GS) e índice de eficiência de desidratação osmótica (IED). Para otimizar foi considerado o melhor ensaio, o que obteve maior IED, ou seja, maior PU e menor GS. As melhores condições para a desidratação osmótica de gengibre foram obtidos a 40 °C, 50 °Brix e 90 minutos de imersão (Ensaio 16) com IED de 1.61 vindo em seguida o Ensaio 1 (34 ºC, 44 ºBrix e 120 minutos de imersão) com IED de 1.45. Estes ensaios foram avaliados quanto à coliformes tolerantes térmicas, Bacillus cereus e Salmonella spp., apresentando valores abaixo dos limites aceitáveis, indicando boas condições higiênicas sanitárias do produto.

ABSTRACT: The present research aimed to optimize the process of osmotic dehydration (OD) of ginger with hypertonic sucrose solution employing response surface methodology. A 23 experimental planning was carried out and 17 experimental assays were performed based on three independent variables (temperature, concentration of the osmotic solution and immersion time) and three dependent variables (moisture loss (ML), solids gain (SG) and dehydration efficiency index (DEI)). The selected assay conditions exhibited the preferred DEI value (the highest ML and lower SG), which were considered in the optimization. Assay 16 demonstrated to be the most favorable conditions for the osmotic dehydration of ginger (DEI =1.61) at 40 40 °C, 50 °Brix and 90 minutes of immersion time. Assay 1 performed at 34 °C, 44 °Brix and 120 minutes of immersion time also displayed desirable response (DEI =1.45). Thus, these two assays were evaluated for the presence of thermal-tolerant coliforms: Bacillus cereus and Salmonella sp.. The analyses presented values below the acceptable limits, which assured high quality hygienic and sanitary conditions of the product.

Resumen: Brasil tiene un gran potencial para la producción del maíz superdulce. Sin embargo, hay carencia de informaciones técnicas que ayuden en el manejo de la nutrición mineral y fertilización de ese cultivo, con el objetivo de obtener altas productividades, alto rendimiento industrial y bajo impacto ambiental. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo cuantificar el crecimiento y la acumulación de nutrientes por el maíz superdulce ‘GSS 41243’, en Guaíra, Brasil, desde abril a agosto de 2013. Los muestreos de plantas fueron realizados cada 10 días desde los 20 hasta los 100 días después de la emergencia. Al final del ciclo, el cultivo acumuló 21,5 t ha-1 de materia seca, siendo el 39 % de ese valor acumulado en las mazorcas (8,4 t ha-1). Las cantidades de nutrientes acumuladas por el cultivo fueron 306,8; 46,2; 406,3; 39,0; 33,4 y 23,1 kg ha-1 de N, P, K, Ca, Mg y S, respectivamente, y 213,6; 118,4; 3360,0; 784,0 y 684,0 g ha-1 de B, Cu, Fe, Mn y Zn, respectivamente. En relación al total acumulado, las exportaciones de nutrientes en las mazorcas correspondieron, en kg ha-1, a 103,0 (N); 19,0 (P); 104,5 (K); 3,4 (Ca); 9,90 (Mg); 7,3 (S) y, en g ha-1, a 64,0 (B); 33,6 (Cu); 632 (Fe); 184 (Mn) y 320 (Zn).

Summary: Brazil has a great potential for the production of supersweet corn. However, this crop is lacking in technical information that assists in the management of fertilization and mineral nutrition aiming at a high crop yield, a high industrial performance, and a low environmental impact. This study aimed to quantify the growth and accumulation of nutrients by supersweet corn ‘GSS 41243’, in Guaíra, Brazil, from April to August 2013. Plant samples were collected 20 to 100 days after emergence, with 10-days intervals. At the end of the cycle, the crop accumulated 21.5 t ha-1 of dry matter, 39 % of which accumulated in the ears (8.4 t ha-1). The amount of nutrients accumulated by the crop were 306.8, 46.2, 406.3, 39.0, 33.4 and 23.1 kg ha-1 of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, respectively, and 213.6, 118.4, 3,360.0, 784.0 and 684.0 g ha-1 of B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, respectively. In relation to the total accumulated, the nutrient exports in the ears corresponded, in kg ha-1, to 103,0 (N); 19.0 (P); 104.5 (K); 3.4 (Ca); 9.90 (Mg); 7.3 (S) and, in g ha-1, at 64.0 (B); 33.6 (Cu); 632 (Fe); 184 (Mn) and 320 (Zn).

RESUMO Transtornos psiquiátricos frequentemente ocorrem em pacientes com esclerose múltipla (EM). No entanto, os artigos sobre estas comorbidades são limitados. Pretendemos investigar as relações entre EM, ansiedade, depressão e ideação suicida. Métodos: Cento e trinta e dois pacientes com EM remitente-recorrente foram avaliados usando a Escala de Estado de Incapacidade Expandida, Inventário de Depressão de Beck-II (IDB-II), Escala de Beck para Ideação de Suicídio (BSI) e Escala de Ansiedade e Depressão. Resultados: Uma análise de regressão hierárquica foi realizada para avaliar as variáveis. A equação de regressão previu significativamente o escore BSI (R2 = 0,306; R2 ajustado = 0,273; F (9,125) = 9,18; p < 0,0005) e o escore no IDB-II foi a única variável que contribuiu significativamente para este modelo (p < 0,0005). Conclusões: Uma alta prevalência de depressão e ansiedade e uma maior taxa de ideação suicida foram identificadas em pacientes com EM em comparação com a população em geral. A presença de sintomas depressivos pareceu ter uma influência direta no risco de suicídio.

ABSTRACT Psychiatric disorders frequently occur in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS); however, limited reports are available on these comorbidities. We aimed to investigate the relationships among MS, anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. Methods: One hundred and thirty two patients with relapsing-remitting MS were evaluated using the Expanded Disability Status Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: A hierarchical regression analysis was performed to evaluate the variables. The regression equation significantly predicted the BSI score (R2 = 0.306; adjusted R2 = 0.273; F (9, 125) = 9.18; p < 0.0005), and the BDI-II score was the only variable that contributed significantly to this model (p < 0.0005). Conclusions: A high prevalence of depression and anxiety, and a higher rate of suicidal ideation were identified in MS patients compared to the general population. The presence of depressive symptoms appeared to have a direct influence on the risk of suicide.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a utilidade de aplicativo no planejamento de artroplastias totais do joelho (ATJ), além da acurácia em relação à aferição do ângulo anatômico-mecânico femoral (AAMF), e comparar o tempo dispendido no planejamento de ATJ através da forma manual e do aplicativo. Métodos: Uma equipe interdisciplinar das áreas de saúde e ciências da computação estabeleceu um fluxo de atividades, a fim de desenvolver um aplicativo. Após desenvolvido, 24 médicos participaram de um teste de utilidade desse. Cada usuário planejou uma cirurgia de ATJ, inicialmente, de forma convencional e, posteriormente, através do aplicativo. Foram coletados dados de aferição do AAMF e do tempo dispendido durante o planejamento entre as duas formas. Os testes de Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon foram usados para avaliar a significância estatística entre os resultados de medição de ângulo e tempo. Resultados: Os usuários julgaram importantes a aferição do AAMF e o traçado de linhas de corte ósseo ortogonais aos eixos mecânicos, no âmbito do planejamento de ATJ. Também avaliaram que o aplicativo poderia ser útil para cirurgiões em formação e especialistas. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o AAMF aferido através do aplicativo e da forma convencional. O tempo de planejamento foi menor quando o aplicativo foi usado (39% do tempo gasto pela forma manual). Conclusões: O aplicativo evidenciou-se útil no contexto de planejamento de ATJ, mostrou-se acurado quanto à medição do AAMF. Foi capaz de diminuir em mais da metade o tempo de planejamento, mostrou-se, mesmo assim, confiável quanto à medição do AAMF.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of an application when planning total knee arthroplasties (TKA), besides the accuracy when measuring the anatomical-mechanical femoral angle (AMFA), comparing, also, the time spent during planning a TKA manually and by using the application. Methods: An interdisciplinary team involving health and computer science areas established activities in order to develop the application. After development, 24 physicians underwent an application usability test. Each one planned a primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) initially, in a conventional manner and then by using the application. Data concerning AMFA measurement and time spent during planning were collected, in both manners. The Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were used to evaluate statistical significance related to angle and time. Results: Users considered it important checking AMFA and drawing the bone cut lines orthogonal to the mechanical axis, when planning TKAs. They also assessed that the application could be useful for training surgeons and for specialists. There was no statistically significant difference between the AMFA, as measured by the application and by the conventional manner. The planning time was shorter when the application was used (39% of the time spent manually). Conclusions: The application has proved to be useful in planning TKAs and has revealed accuracy when measuring the AMFA when it was compared to the manual form of preoperative planning. The application was able to reduce planning time by more than half and it demonstrated reliability in measuring the AMFA.